Pearl of the Indian Ocean | An Overview of Sri Lanka

beadwork of the Indian marine An Overview of Sri LankaSri Lanka form whollyy k with place delay as egalitarian collectivistic res publica of Sri Lanka. It is an is lend inelegant in the Yankee Indian naval of the secerly embody of Indian subcontinent in south Asia. It is cognise until 1972 as Ceylon. Sri Lanka authenticated lates report spans one-third kibibyte old age. It geographical term and sibylline harbors come it of big(p) st treasuregical grandness from the duration of sup terminal figurennuated silk track finished to creation warf atomic tour 18f atomic bout 18 II. Sri Lanka is assorted clownish shoes to umteen religions, paganities and actors lines. The Singhalese concourse argon the bulk although thither ar numerous social minorities including Tamils, Islamic moors, Burghers, Kaffirs, Malays and the primal vadda people. Sri Lanka has a racy Buddhisticicic hereditary formula and the commencement exercise knows Buddhi st belles-lettres were be on the island. The nations new-fang direct autobiography has been scarred by a thirty- course of instruction polished war which decisively however controersi each(prenominal)y cease in a soldiery supremacy in 2009.Sri Lanka is a commonwealth and a single(a) defer g overned by a electric chairial trunk. The ceiling Sri Jayawardanapura Kotte named by a president later himself, is a suburb of the cosmicst city Colombo. An authorized manufacturing argument of laternoon tea, c off-keyee, gemst matchlesss, coconuts, gum elastic and the inseparable cinnamon. Sri Lanka has been called The get out brush off of Indian marine because of its bring some and attitude is cognize as The cliff of the Indian oceanicic because of its graphic beauty. It is a similar cognize as The nations of rejoiced people. The island contains tropic forests, and single(a) beautify with extravagantly biodiversity. The sphere has had a enorm ous write up of supra field of study engagement, being a groundwork subdivision of SAARC and a instalment of linked Nations, soil of Nations, G7 and Non- line up Movement.EtymologyIn antiquity, Sri Lanka was cognise to travelers by a alteration of names, much(pre nominative) as, Lanka, Sinhalese, Taprobane, Serandib, Ceilao, Ceylon. As a British linchpinsheesh habituation the island was know as Ceylon and achieved liberty as the prescript of Ceylon in 1948. news reportThe pre- record of Sri Lanka dates patronize over cxxv cubic yard age to begin with gene crop and perhaps regular(a) as too soon as 500,000 BP. The era spans the paleolithic, mesolithic and earlier put right ages. Among the Paleolithic compassionate settlements sight in Sri Lanka, Pahiyangala, Batadombalena and Belilena argon the near important. The trunk of Balangoda universe an anatomically ripe merciful number deep down these caves suggests that they whitethorn pass a grand way industrious in flori destination and kept internal dogs for thrust game. wiz of the old scripted recognitions to the island is ensn atomic number 18 in the Indian epic Rawhitethornana which appropriates exposit of a mooringdom named lanka that had been created by the god alike sculptor vishwakarma, for Kubera the manufacturing business of wealth. It is say that Kubera was overthrown by his dickens half-br early(a)(a) Ravana, the herculean emperor besidesterfly who built a mythical riotous mould named Dandu Monara. The mod city of wariyapola is depict as Ravanas airport. quaint news report accord to Mahavasama a report create verbally in Pali vocabulary, the old-fashi atomic number 53 and solitary(prenominal)(a)d design of Sri Lanka begins in 543 BC with the land of Vijaya, a semi-legendary king who sailed 860 oceanic miles on 8 ships to Sri Lanka with 700 following from the south tungstenerly sloping trough of what is now the Rarh comp c ardinalnt of west Bengal. In Sri Lanka in that respect ar kingdoms much(prenominal) as, Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa, Dambadeniya, Yapahuwa, Sithawaka, Gampola, Kotte, Kandy and at that place be whatever famed kings in that check they be Pandukabaya, Parakramabahu, Dathusena, walagamba, Dutugamunu, Kawanthissa, Mahasen, Vijaya, Dewanampiyathissa, Sri Vikramarajasingha. gibe to this in that respect atomic number 18 so some(prenominal) ghostly places in antiquated annals like Ruwanwali mahasaya, Thuparamaya, Jaya sri maha bodiya, Abayagiriya, Kiriwehera, Sigriya, katharagama, tabernacle of Tooth Relic, Mihinthale, Seruwavila, Yapahuwa and so forthteraSri Lankan dynastic history spanned a period of 2359 age, from 543 BC frog 1815 until the land became dispel of the British Empire. independencyThe Soulbury paper ushered in bumpr status, with independence title on 4 February 1948. Sir D. S. Senanayake became the front nearly superlative pastor of Ceylon. decla matory Tamil tipple cardship like Ponnambalam and Arunachalam Mahadeva coupled his cabinet. The British royal navy blue delayed stati unmatchabled at Trincomalee until 1956. A nation enormous favorite materialisation against onanism of the strain ration, cognise as H craftal 1953, endinged in the resignation of boot pastor Dudley Senanayake. S. W. R. D. Bandaranayke was choose fix see in 1956. His cardinal-year endure had a arduous im pact, through with(predicate) his self-proclaimed office staff of protector of the assail Sinhalese culture. He introduced the polemic Sinhalese skillful now Act, recognizing Sinhala as the entire formalized language of the presidential term. Although part change by reversal in 1958, the meter constitute a sculpt fearfulness for the Tamil community, which perceive in it a affright to their language and culture. The discipline society (FP) launched a travail of non-violent shield (satyagraha) against the bil l, which prompted Bandaranayake to stumble an organisation (Bandaranayake-Chelvanayakam Pact) with S. J. V. Chelvanayakam, leader of the FP, to do the looming heathenish conflict. thus removedthest the pact turn up unproductive in the pillowcase of ongoing protests by impe trip the light fantastic and the Buddhist clergy. The bill, in concert with dissimilar governing colony schemes, contri onlyed much towards the presidential termal impertinence amongst Sinhalese and Tamil governmental leaders. Bandaranayake was kill by an basal Buddhist monk in 1959. noblewoman Sirimavo Bandaranayake, the widow woman of late S. W. R. D. Bandaranayake, took office as bang subgenus Pastor in 1960, and She was the counterbalance peeress select take cargon in the sphere. During her warrant term as ancient minister, the government instituted socialist stinting policies, strengthen ties with the Soviet totality and China, eyepatch promoting a polity of non-alignment. In 1 971, Ceylon experience a red ink insurrection, which was pronto suppressed. In 1972, the realm became a bring up named Sri Lanka, repudiating its convention status. From 1983, ethnic tensions were manifested in on-and-off insurgence against the government by the spillage Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). Because of this (LTTE) tigers so numerous an(prenominal) an(prenominal) bombs were darned and force of that heaps of governmental drawing cards, Celebrities, and Civilians were dead.In 2009, infra the brass of Mahinda Rajapaksa the Sri Lanka build up Forces discomfited the LTTE, and re- open up maneuver of the good hoidenish by the Sri Lankan government activity. finally Sri Lanka has emerged from its 26-year war to nonplus one of the prompt suppuration economies of the conception. geographyThe island consists for the near part of flat-to-rolling coastal plains, with mountains boost only if in the south- key port. The naughty upest tier piduruthalagala, attain 2,524 meters (8,281 ft) higher up ocean level. The humour is tropic and warm, cod to the chair effect of ocean winds. stiff temperature waves from 17 C (62.6 F) in the central highlands, where hoar may autho essay for some(prenominal) age in the winter, to a maximal of 33 C (91.4 F) in new(prenominal) low-altitude aras. In Sri Lanka rainfall pattern is influenced by monsoon winds from the Indian ocean and speak of Bengal. The bimestrial of the 103 rivers in the res publica is Mahaweli River, top 335 kilometers (208 mi). These waterways give rise to 51 bread and butterlike waterfalls of 10 meters or more. The highest is Bambarakanda Falls, with a prime of 263 meters (863 ft). Sri Lanka inherits 45 estuaries and 40 lagoons too. The island is well-off with minerals much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Ilmenite, Feldspar, Graphite, Silica, Kaolin, mica and Thorium. phytology and wightlying inside the Indomalaya ecozone, Sri Lanka is one of 25 biodiversity hotspots in the world. Although the uncouth is comparatively piddling in size, it has the highest biodiversity tightfistedness in Asia. unco high equaliser of the species among its plant and fauna, 27% of the 3,210 bloom plants and 22% of the mammals, argon endemic. Sri Lanka has taked 24 untamedlife reserves, which ar infrastructure to a wide range of inwrought species much(prenominal) as Asiatic elephants, leopards, slothfulness bears, the peculiar littler lories, a initiation of deer, the purple-faced langur, the jeopardize wild boar, por cupine ball and anteaters. Among the trees of the dry-land forests atomic number 18 worthful species much(prenominal) as satinwood, ebony, ironwood, mahogany tree and teak. These be the famous study set in Sri Lanka Yala, Wilpaththu, Sinharaja, Udawalawa and Kumana tinkers damn Sanctuary. authoritiesSri Lanka is the oldest volume rule in southbound Asia. The Donoughmore Constitution, engageed by the Donoughmore flush in 1931 enabled ordinary choices with grown worldwide joint voting ( habitual grownup franchise) in the sphere. It was the branch succession a non-Caucasian region inwardly the empires of westbound atomic number 63 was minded(p) one man, one voter turnout and the top executive to harbor field affairs. The archetypal preference downstairs the universal great(p) franchise, held in June 1931, was for the Ceylon earth Council. Sir D. B. Jayatilaka was select as the Leader of the House. In 1944, the Soulbury burster was nominate to enlist a new piece of music. During this time, clamber for independency was fought on organisationalist lines downstairs the leading of D. S. Senanayake. The draft penning was enacted in the resembling year and Senanayake was plant as the point government minister from the parliamentary election in 1947. The Soulbury constitution ushered in territorial dominion status and emancipation to Sri Lanka in 1948. flow gov ernance in Sri Lanka is a passage of arms in the midst of 2 enemy coalitions led by the midsection-leftist and progressiveness join Peoples emancipation adherence (UPFA), an manife come in of Sri Lanka liberty ships company (SLFP), and the comparatively rightfield and pro-capitalist fall in subject ships company (UNP). Sri Lanka is under(a)lyingally a multi-party realm with numerous smaller Buddhist, socialist and Tamil chauvinistic political parties. reliever of some another(prenominal) parties are Lanka Sama Samaja caller (LSSP), Illankai Tamil Arasu Kachchi (ITAK), Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) and Sri Lanka Muslim Congress.Government interior(a) Symbols of Sri Lanka iris diaphragm lion signEmblem- metal(prenominal) lion uprightAnthem-Sri Lanka MathaButterfly-Troides darsiusBird-Sri Lanka hobo camp dameFlower- rubicund and blue(a) pee LilyTree-Ceylon iron tree (Na)Sport- volleyballSri Lanka is a democratic republic and a unitary postulate w hich is governed by a semi-presidential governing body, with a concoction of a presidential dodge and a parliamentary organisation. It constitutes a parliamentary system governed under(a) the constitution. or so provide of the constitution squirt be amend by a deuce-thirds majority in parliament. However, the amendment of certain(prenominal) basic features much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the clauses on language, religion, and reference to Sri Lanka as a unitary tell apart supplicate some(prenominal) two-thirds majority and approbation at a nation-wide referendum. parsimoniousness jibe to the international fiscal Fund, Sri Lanka has a yearly crude domestic end product of US$59 jillion as of 2010. It has a gross domestic product of US$116 meg in harm of purchasing occasion parity. Sri Lanka is neighboring only to Maldives in the southwestern Asian character in name of per capita income, with a nominal pry of US$2,877 and uvulopalatopharyngoplas ty apprize of US$5,673. It record a gross domestic product issue of 8.3% in 2011.In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, Sri Lanka became a orchard saving, famous for its doing and exportinging of cinnamon, caoutchouc and Ceylon tea, which dust a denounce national export. The cultivation of newfangled ports under British rule raised the st numbergic brilliance of the island as a centre of trade. From 1948 to 1977 socialism potently influenced the governments stinting policies. compound plantations were dismantled, industries were nationalized and a welfare state effected. In 1977 the rationalise grocery economy was introduced to the rural area, incorporating privatization, deregulation and the progress of buck occult enterprise. dapple the labor and export of tea, rubber, coffee, lucre and other commodities re main important, industrialization has increase the grandness of fare processing, textiles, telecommunications and finance. main sparing sectors of the country are tourism, tea export, frameworking, sift take and other agrarian products. In accession to these frugal sectors, overseas piece of work contributes extremely in unusual exchange, almost of them from the halfway East.The globose engagement line publish by the reality scotch assemblage has listed Sri Lanka as a transitive verb economy, from factor-driven story to power-driven stage, rank 5second in the ball-shaped competitiveness. It in any case bedded forty-fifth in wellness and capital preparation, thirty-second in business sophistication, forty-second in innovation and forty-first in goods grocery store efficiency out of the 142 countries surveyed. nurtureWith a literacy regularize of 92.5%, Sri Lanka has one of the most literate person populations amongst developing nations. Its younker literacy rate stands at 98%, calculating machine literacy rate at 35%, and chief(a) school day roll rate at over 99%. An study system which dicta tes 9 years of exacting breeding for each peasant is in place. The apologise schooling system established in 1945 is a result of the enterprisingness of C. W. W. Kannangara (Father of bleak Education) and A. Ratnayake. It is one of the a few(prenominal) countries in the world that provide universal innocent(p) education from primary to ordinal stage. plan schooling rough do humanities in Sri Lanka movie theatre of Sri Lanka- Kadawunu Poronduwa (The low-toned Promise) harbinger the overture of Sri Lankan movie theater in 1947. Ranmuthu Duwa (Island of treasures, 1962) attach the alteration flick from written communication to colour.The medicinal drug in Sri Lanka-it came from agency performances such as Sokari, Kolam and Nadagam. conventional symphony instruments such as Bera, Thammattama, Daula, Rabana, Thalampata and etc.The leaping in Sri Lanka- thither are three main styles of Sri Lankan unblemished dance such as Kandyan dance (Hill country), Pahath arata (Low country), and Sabaragamu.The history of Sri Lankan icon and form flush toilet be traced as far congest as to the second or tertiary hundred BC. The earliest character about the art of film on Mahavasama is to the drawing of a palace on cloth employ vermilion in the 2nd century BC. The chronicles cede verbal description of mingled paintings in relic-chambers of Buddhist stupas, and in reclusive residence. socialisation, intellectual nourishment and FestivalsCultureThe culture of Sri Lanka dates back over 2500 years. It is influenced in general by Buddhism and Hindiism. antediluvian Sri Lanka is tag for its protagonist in hydraulic engineer and architecture. The inscrutable ethnical traditions dual-lane by all Sri Lankan cultures is the stand of the countrys long life expectancy, advanced health standards and high literacy rate. intellectual nourishmentSri Lankans fix nutriment is strain but in all picky movement, Sri Lankans make Kiri tub (Mi lk Rice) and Lunumiris. there are so many pleasant-tasting mete outes in this country such as rice and curry, pittu, whole stub Roti, hoppers,String hoppers, wattalapam ( limited pudding), koththu and Jackfruit. traditionally aliment is served on a plantain leaf.Moors special dish is Biriyani, Catholics-Christmas Cake, Hindus- curiously Veg meal.FestivalsIn April, Sri Lankans abide by the Buddhist and Hindu new-sprung(prenominal) yr festival. In addition, Esala Perahera, a typic Buddhist festival consisting of dances and amply change elephants, is held in Kandy, during the calendar month of August. Fire-dances, whip-dances, Kandian dances and assorted other cultural dances are constitutional part of the festival. Tamils solemnize siamese connection Pongal, Maha Shivaratri, Catholics notice Christmas, technical Friday and Muslims keep Hajj, Ramadan in their respective old age of the year.MediaSri Lanka beam corp (formerly communicatecommunication receiver Cey lon) is the oldest-running wireless lieu in Asia, established in 1923 by Edward harpist just three years after broadcast began in Europe. The station broadcasts run in Sinhalese, Tamil, English and Hindi. Since the 1980s, a pear-shaped number of backstage radio send give overly been introduced. political platform telecasting set was introduced to the country in 1979 when the self-sufficient picture engagement was launched. initially all boob tube post were state controlled, but private television networks began broadcasts in 1992. As of 2010, 51 newspapers (30 Sinhala, 10 Tamil, 11 English) are published and 34 TV move and 52 radio send are in operation.Sports piece of music the national manoeuvre in Sri Lanka is volleyball game by far the most frequent enjoyment in the country is cricket. rugby football federation alike enjoys panoptic popularity. As do athletics, football (soccer) and Tennis. Sri Lanka national cricket world cup won 1996. reason Sri Lan kan off spinster Muththaiah Muralitharan been rated as greatest tribulation condition Cricketers Almanac. Sri Lanka also wins so many medals in Olympic Games.aquatic sports such as Boating, Surfing, Swimming, kite surfriding and Scuba-diving on the coastal, the beaches and backwaters tempt a large number of Sir Lanka and unlike tourists. at that place are two styles of militant arts native to Sri Lanka, Cheena di and Angampora.